English Grammar

 Individual Task

1. Simple Present
   (+) S + V1 (+es/s)                              e.g: Sun Rises from east (matahari terbit dari timur).
   (-) S + Do/Does + not +V1                e.g: I don’t know where to go.
   (?) Do/Does + not + S + V1?             e.g: Do you speak English (apakah kamu berbahasa Inggris?)
   Fungsi:
   – Untuk menunjukkan kebenaran mutlak. seperti contoh nomor 1.
   – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan rutin. e.g: I go to school everyday
2. Present Continuous.
   (+) S + am/is/are + Ving                    e.g: I am going to your home tomorrow
   (-)  S + am/is/are + not + Ving          e.g: I am not crying
   (?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?                 e.g: Are you still waiting for some one?
   Fungsi:
   – Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
   – Menunjukkan Pekerjaan yang pasti dilakukan di masa yang akan datang (contoh nomor 1)
3. Present Perfect
   (+) S + have/has + V3                    e.g: Peter has gone just now.
   (-)  S + have/has + not + V3          e.g: I have not done my home work yet.
   (?) Have/has + S + V3?                 e.g: Have you already taken a bath?
   Fungsinya:
   – Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah usai pada saat sekarang
4.       Present Perfect Continuous

(+) S + have/has + been + Ving                 e.g: It has been raining since at six o’clock
(-)  S + have/has + not + been + Ving        e.g:I haven’t been eating for whole day
(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving                e.g: Has she been waiting for me for a long this time?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi dan masih ada kemungkinan terjadi sampai nanti.

5.  Simple Past.
(+) S + V2 + O                          e.g: I went to school alone yesterday.
(-)  S + did + not + Inf (V1)     e.g: You didn’t tell that you took my money yesterday.
(?) Did + S + Inf (V1)                e.g: Did you came home last year?
Fungsi:
Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa lampau, tanpa ingin menekankan bahwa ia sedang, atau telah selesai melakukan pekerjaan tsb.

6.   Past Continuous.
(+) S + was/were + Ving              e.g: I was sleeping when you came.
(-)  S + was/were + not + Ving  e.g: You weren’t listening to me when I was singing
(?)  Was/were + S + Ving            e.g: Was she still reading while father called her?
Fungsi:
Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau, ketika pekerjaan lain terjadi, baik pekerjaan lain itu menyela (seperti contoh nomor1) atau terjadi bersama-sama (seperti contoh nomor 2).

7.  Past Perfect.
(+) S + Had + V3             e.g: She had gone before you came
(-)  S + Had + not + V3  e.g: I hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit me
(?)  Had + S + V3            e.g: had you already graduated from senior high school last year?
Fungsi:
Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah selesai ketika pekerjaan lain baru dimulai pada masa lampau.

8.   Past Perfect Continuous.
(+) S + had + been + Ving     e.g: Rooney had been playing football for 3 years till he decided to stop last year.
(-)  S+had+not+been+Ving  e.g: I had not learning English for a year at 2010
(?) had+S+been+Ving           e.g: Had father been working at PT.Astra for 10 years last year?
Fungsi:
Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi pada masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.

9.  Simple Future.
(+) S + will + Inf (V1)             e.g: I will always love you if you love me to
(-)  S + will+ not + Inf (V1)   e.g: I won’t let you go
(?) Will + S + Inf (V1)             e.g: will you come to my party?
Fungsinya:
– Menunjukkan pekerjaan sederhana yang akan terjadi
– Untuk membuat Conditional Sentence type I.

10.  Future Continuous.
(+) S + will + be + Ving           e.g: he will be climbing Krakatau with her friends on sunday
(-)  S+ will + not + be + Ving  e.g: I wont be traveling next week.
(?)  Will + S + be + Ving           e.g: will you be still sleeping at 7 a.m tomorrow morning?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.

11.  Future Perfect.
(+) S + will + have + V3             e.g: he will have arrived by the end of this month
(-)  S + will + have + not + V3  e.g: he will not have slept at the time you go home.
(?) Will + S + have + V3             e.g: will you have taken bath at 4 pm?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah selesai di masa yang akan datang.

12. Future Perfect Continuous.
(+) S+will+have+been+Ving,          e.g: he will have been working for 3 hours at 9 am tomorrow.
(-)  S+will+have+not+been+Ving,  e.g: she will have not been traveling for 3 weeks next sunday.
(?) Will+S+have+been+Ving,          e.g: will you have been diving in the sea for 3 hours at mid day?
Fungsi:
– Sama dengan Present Perfect Continuous, bedanya: kejadiannya tidak sekarang tapi di masa depan.

13.  Past Future.
(+): S + would + Infinitive/V1,           e.g: I would have gone if you didn’t prevent me.
(-): S + would + not + Infinitive/V1,  e.g: You would not come to your party yesterday, whatever happened.
(?): Would + S + Infinitive/V1,            e.g: would you attend my wedding party if I invited you?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
– Untuk membuat kalimat Conditional Sentence Type II.

14. Past Future Continuous.
(+) S + would + be + Ving              e.g: When I was born, He would be working at this company for 2 years
(-)  S + would + not + be + Ving    e.g: You would not be walking alone, if I were not sick.
(?) Would + S + be + Ving               e.g: would you be standing by me, if I slept yesterday?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa lampau.

15. Past Future Perfect.
(+) S + would + have + been + V3             e.g: This house would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday.
(-)  S + would + not + have + been + V3   e.g: It would not have been finished by the end of last month.
(?) Would +S+ have+ been+ V3                  e.g: Would he have been delivered all my orders if I had paid my bill?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan pada masa lampau.
– Untuk membuat kalimat Conditional Sentence Type III.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous.
(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing             e.g: You would have been sleeping
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing   e.g: She would not have been crying
(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing?          e.g: Would you have living at London for 3 years last year?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedianya akan telah dilakukan dan masih dilakukan pada masa lalu.